ArticlePloS one2025
Galectin-3 did not associate with malaria-related insulin resistance in diabetic and non-diabetic respondents at a Ghanaian General Hospital.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMalaria remains endemic in the sub-Saharan African region. The region also faces the world's highest increase in incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although galectin-3 has been explored in numerous conditions, scientific information on the relationship between malaria-related insulin resistance and circulating galectin-3 levels is limited. Therefore, the current study examined the association between galectin-3 and insulin resistance in diabetic and non-diabetic adults with or without malaria at the Tema General Hospital.
methodsAnthropometric indices, blood pressure, glucose, full blood count (FBC), lipid profile, insulin and galectin-3 levels were measured under fasting conditions. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were assessed using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) formulae.
resultsParticipants with T2DM were older (P < 0.05) with higher levels of systolic blood pressure and glucose but lower parasite levels than their non-diabetic counterparts. Irrespective of diabetes status, levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and galectin-3 were higher but triglyceride level was lower in participants with malaria. Levels of insulin, HOMA-B and HOMA-IR were highest for diabetics without malaria with high strengths of the associations. Galectin-3 could neither predict HOMA-B nor HOMA-IR in any of the study groups. Irrespective of malaria or diabetes status, insulin resistance associated with glucose (B = 0.603, Wald = 10.52, Exp (B) = 1.83, CI: 1.27-2.63; P = 0.001) and insulin (B = 1.145, Wald = 18.61, Exp (B) = 3.14, CI: 1.87-5.23; P < 0.001) levels in our context with the model explaining 67.7% (Cox & Snell R2 = 0.677) to 91% (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.91) of the observed variation.
conclusionThe relationship of galectin-3 with HOMA-IR and HOMA-B appears more complex than a linear fashion in our setting.
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