SynthesisEndocrine2025
Prevalence of gender-affirming hormone therapy in non-binary and genderqueer individuals, a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Endocrine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Course of Testosterone Levels and Potential Biochemical Biomarkers of Androgenization with a Conservative Protocol of Androgen Hormone Therapy in Transgender Males.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Nationwide estimates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with gender dysphoria in Sweden, 2001-2023: a register-based cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Clinical and Psychosocial Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Among Transgender Individuals: A National BioResource Cohort Study.Clinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCurrent guidelines for gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) primarily focus on binary transgender (BT) individuals and provide limited recommendations for non-binary and genderqueer (NBGQ) individuals. Understanding hormone use among this heterogenous group will contribute to more personalized counseling and treatment strategies. We performed a systematic review of the scientific literature to assess the prevalence of GAHT in NBGQ individuals and potential clinical context-dependent differences.
methodsA systematic literature search was performed aimed to assess the prevalence and type of GAHT use in NBGQ and BT individuals according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases.
resultsSixteen eligible articles were identified. All were retrospective cohort series published between 2018-2024, including a total of 1948 NBGQ individuals and 3991 BT individuals. Hormone use varied from 4-93% in NBGQ individuals and from 52-95% among BT individuals. Overall, significantly fewer NBGQ individuals were on GAHT compared to BT individuals, except those referred to gender-affirming care clinics. GAHT was more frequent in clinical cohorts compared with non-clinical cohorts, both among NBGQ (OR 6.4; CI 5.1-8.0) and BT (OR 3.1; CI 2.6-3.8) individuals. There was insufficient Information in the literature to be able to draw conclusions with regard to differences in types of GAHT.
conclusionThe systematic review confirms that GAHT is less common in NBGQ compared with BT individuals. Hormone use is more frequent among NBGQ individuals seeking care in a clinical setting. These results highlight the heterogeneity in NBGQ as well as BT individuals with regard to treatment needs. Caregivers, in particular in clinical settings, should be aware that not all NBGQ individuals seek GAHT. Additional studies are needed to further explore tailored endocrine treatment needs in NBGQ individuals.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.