Optimizing Graphene Ring Modulators: A Comparative Study of Straight, Bent, and Racetrack Geometries.

Pawan Kumar Dubey, Ashraful Islam Raju, Rasuole Lukose, Christian Wenger, Mindaugas Lukosius

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Pawan Kumar DubeyIHP-Leibniz Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0107-9203

Ashraful Islam RajuIHP-Leibniz Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.

Rasuole LukoseIHP-Leibniz Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0154-2656

Christian WengerIHP-Leibniz Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3698-2635

Mindaugas LukosiusIHP-Leibniz Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5089-348X

Funding

European Union's Horizon Europe research and in-novation programme 101120938European Union's Horizon Europe research and in-novation programme 101189797

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Graphene-based micro-ring modulators are promising candidates for next-generation optical interconnects, offering compact footprints, broadband operation, and CMOS compatibility. However, most demonstrations to date have relied on conventional straight bus coupling geometries, which limit design flexibility and require extremely small coupling gaps to reach critical coupling. This work presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of straight, bent, and racetrack bus geometries in graphene-on-silicon nitride (Si

Indexed as

critical couplingfinite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulationgraphene electro-absorption modulatorring resonatorsilicon nitride waveguide

Identifiers

PMID40801698

DOI10.3390/nano15151158

PMCPMC12348920

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.