ReviewImmunity, inflammation and disease2025
Cold Atmospheric Plasma in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Mechanisms, Applications, and Prospects.
Review in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) stimulates melanoblast-to-melanocyte differentiation via PRKCQ upregulation and NF-κB activation.iScience · 2026Article
- Modulation of cellular signaling and innate immune mechanisms by cold atmospheric plasma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The PANoptotic mosaic of rheumatoid arthritis: epitranscriptomic regulation, systemic relays, and precision death-mode editing.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAutoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are characterized by an aberrant immune responses that leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Traditional treatments, such as immunosuppressive drugs, only provide symptomatic relief and often cause significant side effects. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a form of nonthermal plasma, has emerged as a potential therapeutic tool, offering antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory effects.
objectiveThis review aims to explore the mechanisms of CAP, its application in autoimmune diseases, and its potential to improve existing treatments.
methodsThe review synthesizes recent studies investigating the biological effects of CAP, particularly its interaction with immune cells. Key mechanisms discussed include the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which modulate immune responses, promote wound healing, and target pathogenic cells. The therapeutic potential of CAP in treating autoimmune diseases, such as RA, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, psoriasis, and vitiligo is examined through current research findings.
resultsStudies have demonstrated that CAP can modulate fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA, reducing their viability and inducing apoptosis. In skin diseases like atopic dermatitis, CAP has been shown to alleviate symptoms and reduce microbial load by altering the skin microbiome. In psoriasis, CAP suppresses Th17 cell differentiation and reduces keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Additionally, CAP enhances wound healing by promoting macrophage M2 polarization and collagen remodeling. Despite promising results, concerns remain about the long-term safety of CAP, particularly regarding the accumulation of ROS/RNS.
conclusionCAP offers a novel approach for treating autoimmune diseases by modulating immune responses, enhancing drug efficacy, and promoting tissue repair. Its ability to selectively target pathogenic cells and its antimicrobial properties make it a promising therapeutic tool in autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.