ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2025
Combined Dysfunction of the Amygdala and Nucleus Basalis Underlies Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Data-driven trajectories of atrophy explain clinical heterogeneity across Lewy body diseases.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVisual hallucinations (VHs) are a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) believed to arise from disruptions to the functional architecture supporting sensory integration and attentional control. Across synucleinopathies, increased pathological burden in the amygdala and deficits in cholinergic modulation have been linked to VHs. However, the interaction of these changes and their combined contribution to the neurobiological mechanisms underlying hallucinatory phenomena remain poorly understood.
objectivesTo investigate the convergent impact of amygdala and cholinergic dysfunction on VHs in PD.
methodsSeventy patients with PD, including 30 with and 40 without VHs, underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Seed-based analyses were performed to examine whether altered functional connectivity between the bilateral amygdala and the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) with cortical networks involved in attention and visual processing is related to the presence of VHs.
resultsPatients with VHs exhibited reduced amygdala connectivity with the visual network and reduced left amygdala connectivity with both dorsal and ventral attentional networks compared with those without VHs. Furthermore, mediation analyses indicated that the association between amygdala-attentional network dysconnectivity and VHs was at least partially explained by functional interactions between the left NBM and the ventral attention network. These functional alterations were not associated with amygdala or NBM volumes, suggesting they may occur independently of measurable gray matter atrophy.
conclusionsOur findings demonstrate that VHs are associated with a network signature of impaired functional connectivity linking the amygdala, cholinergic dysfunction, and cortical networks associated with attention and perception. These results highlight the interplay between distinct but related neural circuitries and provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of VHs in PD. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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