ArticleThe Journal of organic chemistry2025
Three-Phase Emulsions during Cross-Coupling Reactions in Water.
Article in The Journal of organic chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Mechanistic questions in aqueous-organic chemistry.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) enabled identification of three-phase emulsions during a cross-coupling reaction in water, offering insight into their features and factors driving their formation. Droplet morphology was influenced by surfactant choice, ionic strength through phosphate concentration, and evolution of the reaction medium composition. Spatially resolved, subdroplet imaging characterized two organic phases, with one exhibiting preferential localization of the palladium catalyst. Anisotropy and solvatochromic polarity measurements indicated that the palladium-catalyst-containing organic-droplet core exhibited higher viscosity than the organic shell, whereas the polarity of the two organic phases was indistinguishable within the solvatochromic detection capability. The presence of three-phase emulsions correlated with overall formulation and with faster rates of product generation. These findings provide insight for composition-droplet structure relationships toward optimizing aqueous-phase organic reactions and advancing synthetic organic chemistry in water.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
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