Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40800983›Full record

ArticleImaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)2025

The Gaussian-linear hidden Markov model: A Python package.

Diego Vidaurre, Laura Masaracchia, Nick Y Larsen, Lenno R P T Ruijters, Sonsoles Alonso, Christine Ahrends, Mark W Woolrich

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Diego VidaurreCenter of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Laura MasaracchiaCenter of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Nick Y LarsenCenter of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Lenno R P T RuijtersCenter of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Sonsoles AlonsoCenter of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Christine AhrendsCenter of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Mark W WoolrichOxford Centre for Human Brain Analysis, Psychiatry Department, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We propose the Gaussian-Linear Hidden Markov model (GLHMM), a generalisation of different types of HMMs commonly used in neuroscience. In short, the GLHMM is a general framework where linear regression is used to flexibly parameterise the Gaussian state distribution, thereby accommodating a wide range of uses-including unsupervised, encoding, and decoding models. GLHMM is available as a Python toolbox with an emphasis on statistical testing and out-of-sample prediction-that is, aimed at finding and characterising brain-behaviour associations. The toolbox uses a stochastic variational inference approach, enabling it to handle large data sets at reasonable computational time. The GLHMM can work with various types of data, including animal recordings or non-brain data, and is suitable for a broad range of experimental paradigms. For demonstration, we show examples with fMRI, local field potential, electrocorticography, magnetoencephalography, and pupillometry.

Indexed as

brain dynamicshidden Markov modelmultimodal analysisneuroinformatics softwareout-of-sample predictionsstatistical testing

Identifiers

PMID40800983
PMCPMC12319829

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.