Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40800812›Full record

ArticleImaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)2025

Challenges in measuring individual differences of brain function.

Ting Xu, Gregory Kiar, Xi-Nian Zuo, Joshua T Vogelstein, Michael P Milham

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ting XuChild Mind Institute, Center for the Integrative Developmental Neuroscience, New York, NY, United States.
Gregory KiarChild Mind Institute, Center for the Integrative Developmental Neuroscience, New York, NY, United States.
Xi-Nian ZuoDevelopmental Population Neuroscience Research Center, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Joshua T VogelsteinJohn Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Michael P MilhamChild Mind Institute, Center for the Integrative Developmental Neuroscience, New York, NY, United States.

Funding

An Alignment Framework For Mapping Brain Dynamics and Substrates of Human Cognition Across SpeciesRF1MH128696 · NIMH · CHILD MIND INSTITUTE, INC. · PI XU, TING · 2021 to 2021
$1.2M
NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH128696
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With a growing interest in personalized medicine, functional neuroimaging research has recently shifted focus from the evaluation of group-level summaries to associating individual differences in brain function with behaviors. However, this new focus brings forth challenges related to accurately measuring the sources of individual variation in functional signals. In this perspective, we highlight the impact of within-individual variations and discuss the concept of measurement reliability as a critical tool for accounting for within- and between-individual variations when measuring individual differences in brain function.

Indexed as

brain functionfingerprintingindividual differencesintraindividual variationreliability

Identifiers

PMID40800812
PMCPMC12319922

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.