Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40800715›Full record

ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2025

Patients' Perspectives on Social Barriers to Care and the Acceptability and Impact of a Community Health Worker Program in Outpatient Ophthalmology.

Zainab Rustam, Jose Amezcua Moreno, Diep Tran, Kenya Ferguson, Randi Woods, Cindy X Cai

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zainab RustamWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8686-3517
Jose Amezcua MorenoWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Diep TranWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kenya FergusonSisters Together and Reaching, Inc, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Randi WoodsSisters Together and Reaching, Inc, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Cindy X CaiWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

Impact of Social Determinants of Health in Diabetic RetinopathyK23EY033440 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Cindy Xinji Cai · 2022 to 2026
$1.1M
NEI NIH HHS K23 EY033440
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Community Health Workers (CHWs) are trusted members of the community who can work as an integral liaison between community members and health care to address adverse social determinants of health (SDoH). The purpose of this semi-qualitative study was 1) solicit patient-reported social needs and what they consider barriers to their ophthalmic care, 2) determine the acceptability of discussing SDoH in eye care, and 3) determine the acceptability of leveraging a CHW to address social needs. Methods: A total of 50 adults with type 2 diabetes at the Wilmer Eye Institute participated in semi-structured interviews. The interview included questions on barriers to care, acceptance of SDoH discussion in eye clinics, ideas to address SDoH and acceptability of CHWs. The transcripts were analyzed using traditional text analysis based on classic grounded theory to identify themes. Results: Patients reported transportation (66%), scheduling conflicts (50%), forgetting appointments (50%) and other illnesses (40%) as barriers to attending eye appointments. Motivators included knowing the importance of maintaining regular eye appointments (22%), desire to maintain eyesight (22%) and health (10%). 88% felt positive about addressing SDoH in the eye clinic but were apprehensive about the front desk (14%) asking the questions citing lack of privacy. Some preferred doctors (20%) or specialized staff (14%) to ask the questions. 82% felt no topics should be off limits, understanding that questions aimed to help them. Ideas to address SDoH in eyecare included improving communication (44%), increasing resource access (36%) and introducing social workers (32%). 16% were aware of existing social services for eyecare. After explaining the role of CHWs, (90%) were enthusiastic about incorporating CHW in eyecare. Conclusion: These findings support the assessment of SDoH in ophthalmology clinics and the integration of CHWs to address social needs from the patients' perspectives.

Indexed as

barriers to carediabetic retinopathysocial determinants of healthsocial needs

Identifiers

PMID40800715
PMCPMC12341803

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.