Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40800298›Full record

ArticleImaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)2024

Challenges in the measurement and interpretation of dynamic functional connectivity.

Timothy O Laumann, Abraham Z Snyder, Caterina Gratton

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  9. Observational
  10. Article
  11. Time Persistence of the FMRI Resting-State Functional Brain Networks.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Timothy O LaumannDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
Abraham Z SnyderDepartment of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
Caterina GrattonDepartment of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.

Funding

Sources and Functional Consequences of Individual Differences in Human Functional Brain Networks Related to Controlled BehaviorR01MH118370 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI GRATTON, CATERINA · 2019 to 2023
$3.4M
Precision-Mapping Functional Connectivity in Parkinson's DiseaseR01NS124738 · NINDS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MEGHAN C CAMPBELL, Caterina Gratton · 2023 to 2026
$2.4M
Precision Functional Mapping in Treatment-Resistant DepressionR00MH129616 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI TIMOTHY OTTO LAUMANN · 2024 to 2026
$747k
Precision Functional Mapping in Treatment-Resistant DepressionK99MH129616 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI LAUMANN, TIMOTHY OTTO · 2022 to 2023
$292k
NIMH NIH HHS K99 MH129616NIMH NIH HHS R00 MH129616NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH118370NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS124738
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In functional MRI (fMRI), dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) typically refers to fluctuations in measured functional connectivity on a time scale of seconds. This perspective piece focuses on challenges in the measurement and interpretation of functional connectivity dynamics. Sampling error, physiological artifacts, arousal level, and task state all contribute to variability in observed functional connectivity. In our view, the central challenge in the interpretation of functional connectivity dynamics is distinguishing between these sources of variability. We believe that applications of functional connectivity dynamics to track spontaneous cognition or as a biomarker of neuropsychiatric conditions must contend with these statistical issues as well as interpretative complications. In this perspective, we include a systematic survey of the recent literature, in which sliding window analysis remains the dominant methodology (79%). We identify limitations with this approach and discuss strategies for improving the analysis and interpretation of sliding window dFC by considering the time scale of measurement and appropriate experimental controls. We also highlight avenues of investigation that could help the field to move forward.

Indexed as

BOLD fMRI dynamicsdynamic functional connectivityresting-state fMRIsampling variabilityspontaneous activitystationarity

Identifiers

PMID40800298
PMCPMC12315734

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.