ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Risk factors and long-term prognostic impact of immune related pancreatic injury in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pancreatitis: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Impact of baseline nutritional and inflammatory markers on safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: a retrospective, monocentric study.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cholangitis and pancreatitis induced by penpulimab: a case report.AME case reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Background: With the widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) has become increasingly important. ICI-induced pancreatic injury (ICI-PI) is rare, and its clinical characteristics remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the risk factors for the development of ICI-PI and prognostic impact of ICI-PI. Methods: A total of 1039 patients with malignant tumors who received ICI therapy were recruited from September 2014 to December 2024 for this retrospective study. The clinical and pathological characteristics of ICI-PI, including risk factors and prognostic impact, were analyzed. The onset of ICI-PI and irAEs of other organs were defined according to CTCAE ver5.0. The pathological characteristics were evaluated using pancreatic tissue specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy. Results: Of the 982 patients (703 males, 279 females; median age, 71.1 years) included in the study, 48 (4.9%) developed ICI-PI (Grades 2, 3, and 4 in 41, 3, and 4 cases, respectively), and 6 patients (0.6%) developed pancreatitis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the high serum amylase levels before ICI administration (odds ratio, 6.10; 95%CI, 2.55-14.6; Conclusions: High serum amylase levels before ICI administration and development of other organ irAEs were identified as novel risk factors for ICI-PI onset, and the long-term prognosis was better in patients with ICI-PI. This finding suggests that thorough systemic management, including proactive evaluation of serum amylase levels and comprehensive monitoring for various irAEs, can contribute to early detection of ICI-PI, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
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