ArticleFrontiers in psychology2025
Psychometric evaluation and updated community norms of the WHO-5 well-being index, based on a representative German sample.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Psychometric properties and age- and gender-specific normative values of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 among older adults aged 60 years and above.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Psychometric properties and population norms of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) based on a representative German sample.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Psychometric evaluation and community norms of the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 based on a representative German sample.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Depression in patients with severe somatic disease - study protocol of the prospective DESIE-study.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Inverted-U association between daily steps and WHO-5 in university students: non-linear modeling and robustness checks.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is a widely used self-report measure for evaluating mental well-being in both general and clinical populations. This study examines the psychometric properties of the WHO-5 using a large, representative sample of the adult population in Germany ( Methods: Analyses included item-level statistics such as means, standard deviations, and inter-item correlations. Construct validity was evaluated through correlations with measures of depression (PHQ-2), anxiety (GAD-2), somatic symptoms (SSS-8), and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale). Internal consistency was measured using coefficient omega, while factorial validity was tested through confirmatory factor analysis based on a one-factor model. Measurement invariance was assessed across gender and age groups using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses. Population norms are reported for the total sample and various age groups. Results: The findings confirm the strong psychometric properties of the WHO-5, including its internal consistency and construct validity. Measurement invariance results support comparability of scores across gender and age. The updated norms offer. Discussion: These updated norms support the continued implementation of the WHO-5 as a practical tool for population-based prevention and mental health care planning.
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