ArticleClinical rheumatology2025
Risk stratification and subgroup analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with pregnancy: based on a 13-year multicenter cohort study.
Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pregnancy outcomes in women with rheumatologic diseases and neurologic involvement.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- A review of the impact of isolated antiphospholipid antibody positivity on pregnancy outcomes and clinical management strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcomes, complicating its pregnancy management. This study aimed to identify distinct subgroups of pregnant SLE patients and explore their prognostic implications.
methodIn this multicenter cohort study across 45 centers in China, 25 baseline variables were incorporated into a cluster analysis (CA) considering collinearity and clinical relevance. Pregnancy outcomes were compared across clusters, and logistic regressions were conducted for total adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) in the overall cohort and each cluster.
resultsAmong 528 pregnancies in 499 patients, 72.7% were planned and 35.4% had positive antiphospholipid antibody (aPL). Living birth rate was 81.1%, and 41.5% experienced ≥ 1 APO. Four clusters were defined. Cluster 1 (n = 176), characterized by serological activity, had slightly higher fetal loss (20.5%). Cluster 2 (n = 117), with high aCL/aβ2GPI positivity but low LA, high planned pregnancy rate (91.5%), and more HCQ and aspirin use, had favorable outcomes. Cluster 3 (n = 194), with high planned pregnancy rate (85.1%) and lowest aPL positivity (28.4%), exhibited the best outcomes. Cluster 4 (n = 41), with lowest planned pregnancy (9.8%), most clinical activity, and highest aPL positivity (70.7%) including LA (53.7%), exhibited most APOs (75.6%), with hypocomplementemia further increasing risk (OR = 9.246, p = 0.022).
conclusionsFour clinically meaningful SLE-pregnancy subgroups were identified, each with distinct APO risk. Our findings underscore the harm of unplanned pregnancy, especially clinical activity, and aPL positivity, particularly LA, thus promoted stratification and personalized management in SLE pregnancy. Key points • Four distinct subtypes of pregnant SLE patients were identified, each with different APO risks and predictors. • Major organ activity and LA positivity were strongly associated with higher APO risk, while isolated serological activity and non-LA aPL positivity conferred only modest risk. • HCQ appeared protective, especially in aPL-positive patients, whereas medium to high dose glucocorticoid may be harmful, particularly in those with stable disease. • These findings highlight the importance of early risk stratification and individualized management in SLE pregnancy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40797036What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.