ArticleNature biotechnology2026
Targeted delivery of diverse biomolecules with engineered bacterial nanosyringes.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transmembrane delivery of antimicrobial peptides by engineered eCIS into macrophages for intracellular mycobacteria elimination.Science advances · 2026Article
- Advances in vehicles for in situ delivery: From classical vectors to biologically inspired structures.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Review
- Protein Modifications for Cellular Protein Delivery.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- A programmable DNA origami nanosyringe for directed membrane translocation.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Opportunities for artificial intelligence and synthetic biology in designing living drug delivery systems.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2026Review
- Targeted delivery of diverse biomolecules with engineered bacterial nanosyringes.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Genome Editing: Challenges, Innovations, and Future Perspectives.MedComm · 2026Review
- Programmable microbial therapeutics: advances in engineered bacteria for targeted in vivo delivery and precision medicine.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Development of efficient genetic toolkits and heterologous chassis for bioprospecting of myxobacteria.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Programmable Bacterial Contractile Injection Systems for Ag Delivery and CD8Immune network · 2026Article
- Engineered Bacterial Nanosyringes Induce Transient and Controllable Hepatic Immune-Metabolic Responses.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Engineered Escherichia coli as a microbial cell factory for intracellular protein delivery: strains, vectors, mechanisms, and therapeutic applications.Microbial cell factories · 2026Review
- Emerging trends in gene and cell therapy: CRISPR in DNA editing and beyond.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- Learn from nature: Biomimetic nanocarriers for intracellular protein delivery.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Base and Prime Editing for Inherited Retinal Diseases: Delivery Platforms, Safety, Efficacy, and Translational Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Engineered Bacteria-Nano Hybrid System: The Intelligent Drug Factory for Next-Generation Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Photorhabdus virulence cassette is a microbial nanosyringe that can be engineered to deliver protein cargos into human cells. Here we further modify this system to incorporate exogenous cargos and targeting moieties in vitro. We show that this method, termed SPEAR, enables loading of different types of cargo (including folded ribonucleoproteins and single-stranded DNA) and targeting of defined cell types both in vitro and in vivo.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.