Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40796905›Full record

ArticleBMC chemistry2025

Dual-platform integration of HPTLC and firefly algorithm-optimized chemometrics with hammersley sequence sampling for simultaneous quantification of bisoprolol, amlodipine, and mutagenic impurity 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

Lateefa A Al-Khateeb, Ahmed Emad F Abbas, Mohamed R Elghobashy, Nisreen F Abo Talib, Ibrahim A Naguib, Mohammed Alqarni, Michael K Halim

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Article in BMC chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Lateefa A Al-KhateebDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed Emad F AbbasAnalytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt. dr.ahmedeemad@gmail.com.
Mohamed R ElghobashyAnalytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
Nisreen F Abo TalibEgyptian Drug Authority, P.O. Box 35521, Giza, Egypt.
Ibrahim A NaguibDepartment of Pharmaceutical chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AlqarniDepartment of Pharmaceutical chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
Michael K HalimAnalytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.

Funding

Taif University TU-DSPP-2024-153
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The simultaneous quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients alongside their mutagenic impurities represents a critical challenge in pharmaceutical quality control. This study presents the first multicolor analytical platform for concurrent determination of bisoprolol fumarate (BIP), amlodipine besylate (AML), and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBZ), a Class 3 mutagenic impurity in BIP requiring strict regulatory monitoring. Two complementary methodologies were developed: high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometry and Firefly Algorithm-optimized partial least squares (FA-PLS) spectrophotometry, both aligned with green analytical chemistry (GAC) and white analytical chemistry (WAC) principles. The HPTLC method employed an eco-friendly mobile phase of ethyl acetate-ethanol (7:3, v/v), achieving baseline separation with Rf values of 0.29 ± 0.02 (HBZ), 0.72 ± 0.01 (AML), and 0.83 ± 0.01 (BIP). The FA-PLS model incorporated a novel Hammersley Sequence Sampling (HSS) strategy for validation set construction, ensuring uniform concentration space coverage and eliminating sampling bias inherent in conventional random approaches. This innovation, combined with a 5

Indexed as

Firefly Algorithm-PLS chemometricsGreen HPTLC-densitometryHammersley Sequence SamplingMulti-dimensional sustainability assessmentMutagenic impurity quantification

Identifiers

PMID40796905
PMCPMC12345108

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.