Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40796848›Full record

ArticleGlobalization and health2025

The United States withdrawal from the world health organization (WHO), its implications for global health governance.

Stephen Olaide Aremu, Akyala Ishaku Adamu, Odinaka Kingsley Obeta, Donald Ofili Ibe, Solomon Ambina Mairiga, Mojisola Ashiat Otukoya, Abdillahi Abdi Barkhadle

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Globalization and health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Stephen Olaide AremuGlobal Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-7473-7254
Akyala Ishaku AdamuGlobal Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Odinaka Kingsley ObetaGlobal Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Donald Ofili IbeGlobal Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Solomon Ambina MairigaGlobal Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Mojisola Ashiat OtukoyaGlobal Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Abdillahi Abdi BarkhadleDepartment of Pharmacy, Rift Valley University, Jimma, Ethiopia. abdiabdibarkhadle@hotmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

On January 20, 2025, the United States initiated its withdrawal from the World Health Organization (WHO) through an executive order, citing concerns over the organization's handling of global health crises, political influences, and financial inequities. This commentary explores the historical context of the U.S.-WHO relationship, provides an analysis of the justifications for withdrawal, and examines the global and domestic consequences of this decision. Historically, the U.S. has been a significant player in the WHO, contributing substantial funding and advancing global health initiatives. However, tensions have arisen, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, where accusations of inefficiency, political bias, and financial disparities became more pronounced. The withdrawal highlights a call for WHO reform, particularly in enhancing transparency, accountability, and efficiency. On a global scale, the U.S. departure threatens to destabilize WHO's funding, weaken leadership, and hinder future pandemic preparedness. Domestically, the U.S. plans to redirect resources to alternative organizations and enhance national health capacities. Critics argue that this move could weaken international collaboration, erode trust, and damage U.S. influence in global health governance. This commentary ultimately underscores the complexities and potential risks associated with disengagement from multilateral health initiatives and the broader implications for global health security.

Indexed as

Global HealthWorld Health OrganizationCOVID-19HumansInternational CooperationPandemicsUnited StatesFinancial inequitiesGlobal health governancePandemic preparednessPolitical influenceU.S. WithdrawalWorld health organization (WHO)

Identifiers

PMID40796848
PMCPMC12344856

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.