Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2026
Relative Effectiveness of High-Dose Versus Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccination Against Hospitalizations and Deaths According to Frailty Score: A Post Hoc Analysis of the DANFLU-1 Randomized Trial.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Influenza vaccine effectiveness according to frailty status in adults aged ≥ 50 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFrailty is a risk factor for adverse influenza-related outcomes. We assessed the effectiveness of high-dose inactivated influenza vaccination (HD-IIV) versus standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccination (SD-IIV) according to a frailty score.
methodsThis was a post hoc analysis of the randomized feasibility trial of HD-IIV versus SD-IIV conducted during the 2021-2022 influenza season in older adults aged 65-79 years. We assessed prespecified outcomes, including hospitalizations and deaths, as first and recurrent events. Frailty was defined according to the hospital frailty risk score (HFRS).
resultsAmong 12 477 included participants (mean age, 71.7 years; 47.1% female), 10 689 (85.7%) were categorized as having low frailty (HFRS <5) and 1784 (14.3%) had intermediate or high frailty (HFRS ≥5). HD-IIV versus SD-IIV was associated with a lower risk of first and recurrent hospitalizations for pneumonia or influenza regardless of the HFRS. For participants with low frailty there were 22 events (hazard ratio [HR], 0.37 [95% confidence interval, .15-.96]) and 25 recurrent events (incidence rate ratio, 0.31 [.11-.84]), and for those with intermediate or high frailty there were 16 events (HR, 0.33 [.11-1.01]) and 18 recurrent events (incidence rate ratio, 0.28 [.09-.92]; P value for continuous interaction with HFRS [Pinteraction] = .92 for first and Pinteraction = .93 for recurrent events). The HFRS modified the association of HD-IIV versus SD-IIV with all-cause mortality (Pinteraction = .02), with an association with reduced risk in participants with low frailty only (43 events, HR, 0.26 [95% confidence interval, .13-.55]).
conclusionsHD-IIV was associated with a lower risk of first and recurrent hospitalizations for pneumonia and influenza compared with SD-IIV and may be preferred for older adults, irrespective of frailty status. The HFRS modified the association of HD-IIV versus SD-IIV with all-cause mortality.
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