Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40796025›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2025

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Open-Angle Glaucoma in an Adult Chinese American Population: The Chinese American Eye Study.

Grace M Richter, Benjamin Y Xu, Bruce S Burkemper, Xuejuan Jiang, Mina Torres, Farzana Choudhury, Roberta McKean-Cowdin, Nathan Dhablania, Rohit Varma

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In one paragraph

Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Grace M RichterDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (G.M.R.).
Benjamin Y XuRoski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA (B.Y.X., X.J.).
Bruce S BurkemperDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA (B.S.B., X.J., F.C., R.M.-C.).
Xuejuan JiangRoski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA (B.Y.X., X.J.); Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA (B.S.B., X.J., F.C., R.M.-C.).
Mina TorresSouthern California Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA (M.T., N.D., R.V.).
Farzana ChoudhuryDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA (B.S.B., X.J., F.C., R.M.-C.).
Roberta McKean-CowdinDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA (B.S.B., X.J., F.C., R.M.-C.).
Nathan DhablaniaSouthern California Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA (M.T., N.D., R.V.).
Rohit VarmaSouthern California Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA (M.T., N.D., R.V.).. Electronic address: rvarma@sceyes.org.

Funding

Chinese American Eye StudyU10EY017337 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI VARMA, ROHIT · 2009 to 2013
$10.2M
Development and Validation of Quantitative Anterior Segment OCT-based Methods to Evaluate Patients with Primary Angle Closure DiseaseK23EY029763 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI XU, BENJAMIN Y. · 2019 to 2023
$1.1M
Defining the Relationships of Retinal Microcirculation with Glaucoma, Systemic Disease, and Ocular Anatomic Factors in African AmericansK23EY027855 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI RICHTER, GRACE MARIE · 2017 to 2021
$984k
NEI NIH HHS K23 EY027855NEI NIH HHS K23 EY029763NEI NIH HHS U10 EY017337
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) among adult Chinese Americans.

designPopulation-based, cross-sectional study.

participantsA total of 4582 Chinese Americans aged 50 years and older residing in Monterey Park, California.

methodsParticipants from the Chinese American Eye Study underwent a comprehensive interview, eye examination, and ophthalmic testing. OAG was defined by characteristic optic nerve head changes with or without corresponding visual field loss, as determined by a panel of glaucoma specialists, and required at gonioscopic confirmation of least 2 quadrants of visible pigmented trabecular meshwork. Candidate risk factors comprised demographic, clinical, and ocular characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors associated with OAG.

main outcome measuresPrevalence of and independent risk factors associated with OAG.

resultsOf the 4310 participants with complete data, the prevalence of OAG was 4.8% (207/4310), ranging from 2.8% among those aged 50 to 59 years to 14.8% among those 80 years and older. Of those with OAG, 68.5% were previously undiagnosed or untreated, and 88.5% had intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤21 mm Hg. Independent risk factors for OAG, adjusting for sex, were older age (odds ratio [confidence interval] = 1.06 [1.05-1.08], per year); higher IOP (1.12 [1.08-1.17], per mm Hg); longer axial length (1.36 [1.25-1.47], per mm); family history of glaucoma (1.88 [1.19-2.97]); and diabetes mellitus (1.49 [1.05-2.11]).

conclusionsThe prevalence of OAG among Chinese Americans may be higher than that reported in US populations of European descent and in Asia-based Chinese populations, but lower than that observed in Latinos in Los Angeles and individuals of African Caribbean descent. More than two-thirds of OAG cases in our study were previously undiagnosed or untreated, with a majority presenting with IOP ≤21 mm Hg. These findings highlight the importance of identifying high-risk individuals based on age, IOP, axial length, family history, and diabetes mellitus. Given the high prevalence of myopia, future research should evaluate whether interventions to prevent myopia could help reduce the risk for developing OAG.

Indexed as

AsianGlaucoma, Open-AngleAgedAged, 80 and overAge DistributionCaliforniaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGonioscopyHumansIntraocular PressureMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsSex Distribution

Identifiers

PMID40796025
PMCPMC12433761

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