Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40794910›Full record

Trial reportAge and ageing2025

Feedback-based perturbation balance training during stationary cycling improves reactive and proactive balance among older adults: a single-blinded randomised controlled trial.

Shani Batcir, Koby Livne, Rotem Lev Lehman, Yuliya Berdichevsky, Sarel Maoz, Lilach Wolf Shkedy, Rafi Adar, Elena Rabaev, Yaacov G Bachner, Guy Shani and 4 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Age and ageing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03636672 (The Effects of Bicycle Simulator Training on Anticipatory and Compensatory Postural Control in Older Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03636672 nacompletednot on this map

The Effects of Bicycle Simulator Training on Anticipatory and Compensatory Postural Control in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorBarzilai Medical CenterRan2019 to 2021Enrolled68ConditionsAccidental FallsArmsperturbation training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Shani BatcirPhysical Therapy Département, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.ORCID 0000-0003-2840-6339
Koby LivnePhysical Therapy Département, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
Rotem Lev LehmanPhysical Therapy Département, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
Yuliya BerdichevskyDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Sarel MaozPhysical Therapy Département, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
Lilach Wolf ShkedyPhysical Therapy Département, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
Rafi AdarPhysical Therapy Département, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
Elena RabaevPhysical Therapy Département, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
Yaacov G BachnerDepartment of Sociology of Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev - Faculty of Health Sciences, Be'er Sheva, South District, Israel.
Guy ShaniPhysical Therapy Département, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
Omri LubovskyPhysical Therapy Département, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
Amir ShapiroPhysical Therapy Département, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
Neil B AlexanderDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Itshak MelzerDepartment of Physical Therapy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Faculty of Health Sciences, Be'er Sheva, South District, Israel.

Funding

Research Education CoreP30AG024824 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Neil Alexander · 2004 to 2026
$29.2M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG024824
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPerturbation balance training (PBT) is an effective regime that reduces fall rates by triggering and improving balance recovery skills. Controlling trunk movements consistently reflects effective reactive stepping, as it enhances proximal stability, providing a stable base for limb movements.

objectiveTo demonstrate the effect of PBT during seated hands-free stationery cycling on objective balance parameters of reactive and proactive balance control in standing.

designTwo-arm parallel-group, single-blinded randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessors and data analysers, with intention-to-treat analyses.

participantsFifty-six community-dwelling older adults, 70+ years of age (mean ± standard deviation: 76.43 ± 4.76 years, 39.3% of men and 60.7% of women), walking independently without assistive devices.

interventionsThe two groups performed twenty sessions of seated stationary cycling, 20 minutes each, over 12 weeks, while performing concurrent cognitive tasks: (i) cycling hands free, received perturbations with real-time implicit sensorimotor feedback (PBT during hands-free stationary cycling, n = 29); (ii) standard cycling training (SCT, n = 27) cycled using hands without perturbations. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were the reactive balance measures in standing, e.g. single-step threshold, multiple-step threshold and the probability of stepping. Secondary outcomes were voluntary stepping Test and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Measures were taken at baseline and immediately postinterventions.

resultsThe group-by-time interactions indicate that PBT during hands-free stationary cycling improved balance reactive responses i.e. increased single- and multiple-step thresholds in mediolateral perturbations (P = .001, effect size [ES] = 0.88, and P = .001, ES = 0.64, respectively) and multiple-step threshold in anteroposterior perturbations (P = .022, ES = 0.34) and decreased the probability of stepping compared to standard cycling training. PBT during hands-free stationary cycling also resulted in faster voluntary step reaction (P = .011, ES = -0.84) and foot contact times (P = .037, ES = -0.56). Both groups significantly improved their 6MWT results.

conclusionFeedback-based PBT during hands-free stationary cycling has the potential to improve reactive and proactive balance measures in standing. REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03636672, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03636672.

Indexed as

Accidental FallsBicyclingExercise TherapyFeedback, SensoryPostural BalanceAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsFemaleHumansMaleSingle-Blind MethodTime FactorsTreatment Outcomebalance controlfall preventionolder adultsperturbation-based balance trainingproactive balancereactive balance

Identifiers

PMID40794910
PMCPMC12341863

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.