ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2025
Long-term Immunogenicity and Boostability of the 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Followed by the 23-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Adults Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy and Adults With HIV-3-year Follow-up of a Prospective Cohort Study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe long-term immunogenicity of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) remains unclear among immunocompromised patients (ICPs).
methodsThis 3-year follow-up of a previously reported prospective cohort study included people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH), patients on immunosuppressive therapy, and immunocompetent controls who received PCV13 followed by PPSV23 2 months later. IgG levels for all 24 vaccine serotypes were measured 3 years after PCV13 (M36). The primary outcome was the seroprotection rate (SPR) at M36, defined as IgG concentrations ≥1.3 μg/mL for 17/24 vaccine serotypes. To assess immunological memory, we measured rapid recall responses 7 days after a PCV20 booster vaccination among initial responders 2 months after the priming schedule (M4) who had sero-reverted at M36.
resultsBetween M4 to M36, SPRs dropped from 44% (22/50) to 9% (5/55) in PWH, from 55% (59/108) to 17% (22/131) in patients on immunosuppressive therapy and from 82% (14/17) to 42% (8/19) in controls. Rapid recall responses were observed in 40% (4/10) of PWH, 14% (2/14) of patients on immunosuppressive monotherapy, 22% (2/9) of patients on combination therapy, and 67% (2/3) of controls. Antibody levels increased significantly for 7/13 PCV20/PCV13-shared serotypes, but for none (0/7) of the PCV20/PPSV23-shared serotypes.
conclusionsOnly a minority of PWH and patients on immunosuppressive therapy and under half of controls remained seroprotected 3 years after vaccination. As rapid recall responses were limited to PCV serotypes, future research in ICPs should focus on expanded priming schedule with higher-valent PCVs such as PCV20.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.