Liver transplantation indications and strategies in polycystic liver disease: A European survey.

Liver transplantation (LT) remains the only cure for severe polycystic liver disease (PLD). However, LT indications and strategies vary across Europe, resulting in (unwanted) practice variation and unequal access to care for patients with PLD. This study aimed to (1) identify existing PLD-specific LT criteria across European countries, (2) assess which criteria are considered relevant by specialists, and (3) map the variation in liver-kidney transplant strategies among patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). National PLD-specific LT criteria were collected, and if unavailable, ERN RARE-Liver representatives from that country were asked to provide information. An online survey was conducted among hepatologists, LT surgeons, and nephrologists managing patients with PLD. The survey assessed relevant LT indications/listing requirements, clinical case evaluations, and explored preferences for liver-kidney transplantation in patients with ADPKD. Defined LT criteria for patients with PLD were available in only 8 of the 17 assessed countries and showed substantial variation. Sixty-nine clinicians (43 hepatologists, 15 surgeons, and 11 nephrologists), predominantly from LT centers (75.4%), completed the survey. Key LT indications were recurrent liver cyst infections (78.3%), significant impaired quality of life (75.4%), and severe malnutrition (75.4%). In ADPKD, simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation was preferred by 40.4% of respondents, primarily due to the favorable immunological profile (47.6%) and prevention of renal failure (33.3%). In contrast, those favoring a liver-first approach (30.8%), followed by sequential kidney transplant, highlighted the potential harm to the kidney graft during simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (62.5%). Uniform PLD-specific LT criteria in Europe are lacking. While recurrent liver cyst infections, decreased quality of life, and malnutrition are widely recognized as crucial LT indications, they are insufficiently reflected in existing criteria, contributing to unequal access to LT. Moreover, considerable variation exists in liver-kidney transplantation for patients with ADPKD, with a current lack of evidence to support one approach over another.