Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40793795›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology2026

Associations of Urinary Metabolites of Parabens and Bisphenol a with Premature Thelarche among a Sample of Iranian Girls

Nafiseh Mozafarian, Mahin Hashemipour, Mohammad Reza Maracy, Hamid Galehdari, Roya Kelishadi

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Article in Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nafiseh MozafarianIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan, IranORCID 0000-0002-8113-6721
Mahin HashemipourIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan, IranORCID 0000-0002-6032-5523
Mohammad Reza MaracyIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Isfahan, IranORCID 0000-0002-3695-0863
Hamid GalehdariIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan, IranORCID 0000-0001-6829-8550
Roya KelishadiIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan, IranORCID 0000-0001-7455-1495

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals may influence the process of puberty including the development of premature thelarche (PT). Our aim was to investigate the relationship between exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and parabens with PT among a sample of Iranian girls. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 2022-2023 on girls with a mean (standard deviation) age of 7.5 (0.6) years in Isfahan, Iran. Participants were 90 newly diagnosed PT cases and 114 healthy controls. Spot urine samples were collected from both groups to measure the levels of BPA and paraben metabolites. Analyses of BPA and paraben metabolites included methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben, and butyl paraben and benzyl paraben and were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The association between concentrations of creatinine-standardized urinary BPA and parabens and PT was analyzed with multiple logistic regression models, after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The results showed that individuals in the highest quartile of MeP [odds ratio (OR)=4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-14.9, p=0.023], EtP (OR=4.7, 95% CI: 1.3-17.2, p=0.018) and BPA (OR=5.03, 95% CI: 1.4-17.9, p=0.013) had a significantly higher odds for PT compared to those in the lowest quartile. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that exposure to BPA, MeP and EtP is related to increased odds of early breast development in girls. Limiting the exposure to these chemicals may help to reduce the risk of PT.

Indexed as

Benzhydryl CompoundsEndocrine DisruptorsEnvironmental ExposureParabensPhenolsPuberty, PrecociousBisphenol A CompoundsCase-Control StudiesChildFemaleHumansIranBenzhydryl Compoundsbisphenol ABisphenol A CompoundsEndocrine DisruptorsParabensPhenolsBisphenol Aearly pubertygirlsparabensthelarche

Identifiers

PMID40793795
PMCPMC12989887

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.