ArticleEClinicalMedicine2025
Estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, and risk of infection: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Impact of Severe Albuminuria on the Proinflammatory Monocyte Subset CD14++CD16+ and Antigen-Specific Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Mapping the complexity of care in patients with heart disease living with chronic kidney disease.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Hyperkalemia in a Contemporary European Cohort According to EKFC eGFR Categories.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Infections are a major cause of hospitalization in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with incidence similar to cardiovascular disease, yet the risk of infection has not been systematically studied across stages of CKD. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of individual participant data including 1,246,912 individuals across 47 cohorts in the CKD Prognosis Consortium, with information on estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine (eGFRcr) and urinary albuminuria (ACR) (or proteinuria converted to ACR), to examine the association of eGFR and ACR with the risk of hospitalization with infection. Outcomes were ascertained through diagnostic codes on hospital discharge records relevant to acute infections (i.e., upper and lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal tract, genital, nervous system, and cardiovascular system infections, and sepsis). Follow-up was censored on December 31, 2019 or on the last date of cohort follow-up, whichever was earlier. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Findings: During follow-up, 170,864 (13.7%) individuals had a hospitalization with infection (IR, 22.0 [IQI, 16.2-31.0] per 1000 person-yrs). In Cox models, compared to eGFRcr 90-104 ml/min/1.73 m Interpretation: Lower kidney function and higher albuminuria were independently associated with higher risk of infection. The risk was elevated even in mild to moderate CKD, with the highest risk seen in the most advanced stage of CKD. Infection prevention measures should target individuals across all CKD stages. Funding: US National Kidney Foundation and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
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Registered trials
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