ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025
Bio-orthogonally double cross-linked alginate-gelatin hydrogels with tunable viscoelasticity for cardiac tissue engineering.
Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bacterial Nanocellulose Hydrogels as a Next-Generation Biomaterial for Cardiac and Vascular Tissue Engineering: Structural, Biological, and Translational Perspectives.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- In Vitro Biodegradation and Biocompatibility of Bacterial Nanocellulose-Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Click Chemistry-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown that cells respond to the viscoelastic properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly its stress-relaxation, which influences their spreading, proliferation, and remodeling. Since cardiac tissue viscoelasticity plays a key role in modulating cellular mechanosensing, the development of biomimetic viscoelastic hydrogels is highly needed in cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). This work presents bio-orthogonal double cross-linked alginate-gelatin hydrogels with tunable viscoelasticity, designed to replicate the dynamic mechanical properties of cardiac ECM. Alginate and gelatin were functionalized with azide groups and cross-linked by a 4-arm-dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) crosslinker using strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) with 0.5:1 (AG_Click(R0.5)) and 1:1 (AG_Click(R1)) DBCO:azide molar ratios. Calcium ions were also introduced to obtain double cross-linked hydrogels (AG_DC(R0.5) and AG_DC(R1)). Rheology showed that hydrogels exhibited tunable stiffness and stress relaxation, closely mimicking the properties of native cardiac tissue. The behavior of human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs), seeded on hydrogels, was analyzed. When compared to purely elastic polyacrylamide (pAAm) hydrogels with comparable stiffness, soft stress-relaxing hydrogels (AG_Click(R0.5) and AG_DC(R0.5)) were found to promote cell spreading area, while stiffer stress-relaxing hydrogels (AG_Click(R1) and AG_DC(R1)) enhanced asymmetric cell elongation, reflecting substrate-mediated mechanosensing. Additionally, HCFs showed high viability when cultured in 3D hydrogels over 7 days. Overall, rapid gelation, biocompatibility, and tunable viscoelastic properties of bio-orthogonal double cross-linked alginate-gelatin hydrogels support their use as injectable formulations or engineered cardiac tissues for CTE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.