ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Vaccination, infection, and hybrid immunity: determinants of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels and protection in Quzhou, China.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neutralising antibody responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 omicron sub-variants are enhanced in persons with hybrid immunity.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- 400 AU/mL IgG protective threshold against SARS-CoV-2 XBB reinfection in Chinese inactivated vaccine recipients: implications for booster vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels and protection in a population that has experienced both vaccination and COVID-19 infections, predominantly caused by the Omicron BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants. Methods: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Multivariate regression analyses assessed factors influencing antibody levels, and decision tree models predicted variable priorities. Results: Among the 3494 participants, the median (IQR) anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG level was 396.53 (280.51-471.03) AU/mL, with a seropositive rate of 97.28%. Multivariate analysis revealed that vaccination status, infection status, residence county, occupation, and vaccination interval were significantly associated with antibody concentration. The decision tree model indicated that vaccination had a greater effect on antibody concentration than infection, while infection had a stronger impact on seropositivity. The Breakthrough Infection group had the highest antibody concentration compared with other groups. Conclusions: Vaccination and infection were identified as the primary determinants of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels, with hybrid immunity significantly enhancing antibody responses. New evaluation methods or revised detection thresholds were needed to better assess population immunity.
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