ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025
Pandemic paradox: How the COVID-19 crisis transformed vaccine hesitancy into a two-edged sword.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Health communication strategies to address parental vaccine hesitancy regarding childhood vaccination in Nigeria: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Upward intergenerational support and vaccination decisions among community-dwelling older adults in China: A multicenter qualitative study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- How the unvaccinated have been portrayed in the urban English-language Canadian popular press since the declared end of the COVID-19 pandemic emergency.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of an on-site vaccination campaign for patients with cancer.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Vaccine acceptance in a future pandemic after COVID-19 and its decision drivers in Japan.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between COVID-19 Vaccine Regret, Distrust of the Healthcare System, and Future Vaccine Intentions.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Hidden Burden of a Measles Outbreak Revealed by Genomic and Transmission Models.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Building on Vaccine Confidence in the Aftermath of the Pandemic: A Qualitative Study in Primary Care Physicians.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Psychosocial and Social Security Risks Linked to Vaccine Misinformation in Romania: Implications for Vaccination Acceptance and Public Policy.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Addressing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Toward Dengue Fever, Vector Control, and Vaccine Acceptance Among the General Population in Singapore.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Systematic Review: Efficacy, Safety Profile, and Cost-Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Versus Palivizumab for RSV Prevention in Children Under 24 Months.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hesitancy towards the COVID-19 booster vaccination: a thematic analysis from a focus group study in Spain.BMC public health · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Information Sources and Vaccination Status Among Californian Adults by Generation Using the 2022 California Health Interview Survey: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Article
- Vaccination Strategies Against Respiratory Pathogens in the Adult Population: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Improving Vaccine Knowledge Among Adolescents: A Pre-Post School-Based Educational Intervention in Southern Italy.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Mobility between communities can reduce the impact of measles intervention during an outbreak: a mathematical modeling study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Bridging immunization and oral health: a role for paediatric dentists in mitigating vaccine hesitancy in Africa.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines was a landmark achievement that saved millions of lives. However, this success also intensified vaccine hesitancy, as misinformation, evolving public health guidelines, and growing distrust in institutions fueled anti-vaccine sentiment. In this opinion piece, we explore the paradoxical legacy of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign - how a global scientific triumph simultaneously gave rise to an emboldened anti-vaccine movement. Drawing on international data, we highlight the association between baseline vaccine acceptance and subsequent booster uptake and interpret these trends through the lens of the Health Belief Model. We further examine the psychological, cultural, political, and structural drivers of hesitancy and outline key strategies to rebuild public trust. Addressing this crisis requires proactive, evidence-informed, and culturally sensitive approaches to safeguard the future of global immunization efforts.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.