Trial reportActas espanolas de psiquiatria2025
Two is Better Than One: Potentiating Cognitive Remediation With Aerobic Exercise to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia With a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Actas espanolas de psiquiatria, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Physical Exercise Program Significantly Boosts the Impact of Cognitive Training on Attention Deficits After a First Episode of Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Trial
- Additive Effects of Cognitive Remediation and Physical Exercise in Patients with Schizophrenia: Cognitive Improvements.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) in older patients with schizophrenia: implications for clinical and cognitive outcomes.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Research on the influencing factors of the development of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia and the intervention effect of dance movement therapy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia, for which pharmacological interventions have limited efficacy. Cognitive remediation (CR) is the gold standard for addressing cognitive deficits, yet its effect remains in the low-to-medium range, thus enhanced treatment approaches are needed. Emerging evidence supports the cognitive benefits of Aerobic Exercise (AE), suggesting that a combined intervention of AE and CR could lead to greater cognitive enhancements. This study aims at evaluating, with a randomized controlled trial, cognitive improvements following a combined intervention of CR+AE, compared to either CR or AE alone in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.
methodsSixty patients with schizophrenia were randomized into three groups (AE, CR, or CR+AE), and assessed for cognition, with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery at baseline, post-intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up.
resultsCR+AE group showed significantly greater improvements in several domains including attention (p = 0.02), verbal learning (p = 0.03), and working memory (p = 0.04) compared to CR group, as well as processing speed (p = 0.002), verbal learning (p = 0.03), and working memory (p = 0.05) compared to AE group. At 3-months follow-up, evaluating CR+AE vs CR, further significant improvements were observed for social cognition (p = 0.01) in the CR+AE group, as well as for processing speed (p = 0.03) in the CR group.
conclusionsWhile preliminary, these findings suggest that a combined intervention of CR+AE allows greater improvements across core cognitive domains. In a wider perspective, this study also underscores the potential value of implementing aerobic exercise in rehabilitative approaches aimed at addressing cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.