ArticleAnnals of medicine2025
Therapeutic effects of topical Mycophenolate mofetil on hydroquinone-induced depigmentation in Guinea pigs and mice.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plerixafor Engages β-Arrestin-Dependent CXCR4 Signaling to Promote Melanogenesis via β-Catenin-MITF Activation.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Depigmentation Outcomes in Pigmented Oral Lichen Planus Managed With Mycophenolate Mofetil.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVitiligo is a depigmentation disorder with an undefined specific pathogenesis, with the autoimmune theory being a prominent etiology. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a novel immunosuppressant, selectively inhibits inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), crucial for lymphocyte DNA synthesis. Recent research has highlighted MMF's efficacy in vitiligo treatment; however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic impact and mechanism of vitiligo.
methodsWe enrolled guinea pigs and C57/BL6 mice which were randomly divided into the hydroquinone group, the MMF & hydroquinone group, and the control group. Skin biopsy specimens were collected from designated areas which were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson-Fontana (M-F), and immunofluorescence techniques. To elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the effects of MMF, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting analyses were performed.
resultsA comparative analysis revealed a notable enhanced pigmentation in the MMF-conjunction group. Subsequent to MMF application, there was a significant augmentation in both the number of melanocytes within the basal layer and melanin-containing hair follicles. MMF activated tyrosinase (TYR), which had been suppressed by hydroquinone, and led to an upregulation of melanin-associated genes such as TYR, TYRP-1, MITF, and SILV. Additionally, there was an increase in WNT pathway-related proteins, including β-catenin, GSK3β, Axin2, Dkk, and Dact2. MMF effectively mitigated the vitiligo-like increase in IFN-γ induced by hydroquinone safely.
conclusionMMF exhibits a notable capacity to ameliorate the pigment-loss effect associated with hydroquinone through the activation of the WNT signaling pathway. Consequently, MMF emerges as a promising therapeutic agent for mitigating skin pigmentation.
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