Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40790384›Full record

ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2026

Beauty Under Pressure: The Impact of Hypertension on Outcomes in 54,000 Cases of Esthetic Breast Surgery.

Samuel Knoedler, Thomas Schaschinger, Sarah Friedrich, Lena Schemet, Dany Y Matar, Tobias Niederegger, Gabriele Storti, Giuseppe Sofo, Paul Fernando Fajardo Morales, Francesco Mazzarone and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyComparative Study
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In one paragraph

Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Samuel KnoedlerDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5798-8003
Thomas SchaschingerMedical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Sarah FriedrichDepartment of Mathematical Statistics and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Lena SchemetDepartment of Mathematical Statistics and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Dany Y MatarDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Tobias NiedereggerMedical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Gabriele StortiPlastic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe SofoInstituto Ivo Pitanguy, Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia Rio de Janeiro, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Paul Fernando Fajardo MoralesInstituto Ivo Pitanguy, Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia Rio de Janeiro, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Francesco MazzaroneInstituto Ivo Pitanguy, Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia Rio de Janeiro, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Dennis P OrgillDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Adriana C Panayi *Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. a.panayi@cantab.net.
Bong-Sung Kim *Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. bong-sung.kim@usz.ch.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypertension affects nearly one-third of the global adult population and is associated with increased postoperative morbidity. However, its specific impact on outcomes of esthetic breast surgery (EBS) remains poorly understood.

methodsData from the multi-institutional American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program between 2008 and 2022 were analyzed. Patients undergoing elective EBS procedures (breast augmentation, breast reduction, mastopexy, and augmentation-mastopexy) were classified as either medically treated hypertensive (MedHyp) or non-hypertensive (NoMedHyp). 30-day postoperative outcomes were compared between MedHyp and NoMedHyp patients.

resultsA total of 54,336 patients were included, of whom 83.5% (n = 45,373) underwent breast reduction (MedHyp: 7,625 [16.8%] vs. NoMedHyp: 37,748 [83.2%]), 12.1% (n = 6,548) breast augmentation (MedHyp: 209 [3.2%] vs. NoMedHyp: 6,339 [96.7%]), 2.3% (n = 1,237) augmentation-mastopexy (MedHyp: 90 [7.3%] vs. NoMedHyp: 1,147 [92.7%]), and 2.2% (n = 1,178) mastopexy (MedHyp: 136 [11.5%] vs. NoMedHyp: 1,042 [88.5%]). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between MedHyp and increased risk of medical complications (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.2, p = 0.0070) as well as general (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.8, p < 0.001) and any complications (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.3, p = 0.0079) after breast reduction. MedHyp was also found to be an independent risk factor for complications after breast augmentation (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.1, p = 0.026). No significant associations were observed for mastopexy or augmentation-mastopexy.

conclusionMedically treated hypertension appears to be an independent risk factor for postoperative complications following breast reduction and breast augmentation. These insights underscore the importance of thorough preoperative hypertension management to maximize patient safety and optimize outcomes in EBS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Indexed as

BeautyHypertensionMammaplastyPostoperative ComplicationsAdultCohort StudiesEstheticsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesYoung AdultACS-NSQIPElective breast surgeryEsthetic breast surgeryHigh blood pressureHypertensionMammoplasty

Identifiers

PMID40790384

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.