Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40790363›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2025

Kidney stone disease: risk factors, pathophysiology and management.

Matteo Bargagli, Martin Scoglio, Sarah A Howles, Daniel G Fuster

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  13. [Characteristics of urinary organic acid metabolic profile and screening of key metabolic markers in patients with urolithiasis].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Matteo BargagliDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Martin ScoglioDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2566-3524
Sarah A HowlesNuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Daniel G FusterDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. daniel.fuster@unibe.ch.ORCID 0000-0001-7220-1803

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nephrolithiasis is the most common health condition affecting the kidney and urinary tract and constitutes a major global health-care problem. The prevalence of nephrolithiasis has increased substantially over the past five decades, irrespective of age, sex or ethnicity. Kidney stones cause substantial morbidity, reduced quality of life and enormous health-care expenditure, largely due to their frequent recurrence. Furthermore, nephrolithiasis is now recognized as a systemic condition associated with increased risks of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and low bone mass. Nephrolithiasis exhibits marked pathophysiological heterogeneity. Dietary and environmental exposures interact with genetic predisposition to shape individual disease risk. Calcium oxalate stones are most prevalent, commonly driven by hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia and low urine volume, whereas the formation of uric acid and calcium phosphate stones is commonly linked to urinary pH. A comprehensive clinical evaluation can uncover underlying metabolic abnormalities, distinguish idiopathic, secondary and Mendelian forms of nephrolithiasis, identify systemic disease associations and guide therapy. Recurrence prevention requires individualized strategies that combine dietary and pharmacological interventions. For established stones, surgical management is effective, with ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy achieving high stone-free rates. Despite its considerable clinical and societal burden, nephrolithiasis remains under-recognized, underserved and under-researched. Greater awareness and investments in research, innovation and education are urgently needed.

Indexed as

Kidney CalculiHumansRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID40790363

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.