ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2025
Thermoreversible Ionogel for Enhanced Nose-to-brain Delivery of Tetrabenazine Hydrochloride: Optimization by Central Composite Design and In Vitro Ex Vivo Evaluation.
Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Optimization of Ionic Liquid Based NLC for Nose-To-Brain Delivery of Tetrabenazine Hydrochloride.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bio-ionic liquid (BIL)-based ionogels have been researched for improved solubility, permeability, and bioavailability of poorly soluble drug/s. This study aimed to develop a thermoreversible ionogel for nose-to-brain delivery (NBD) of Tetrabenazine hydrochloride (TBZ), a BCS Class IV drug. Initially, a BIL-based micellar system of TBZ was developed using choline oleate ([Cho][Ole]) and decorated with Pluronic F-127 (PF-127). Further, the micellar system was formulated as a thermoreversible ionogel and optimized using central composite design (CCD). The resulting TBZ-[Cho][Ole]-PF-127, an optimized ionogel was evaluated for drug loading, particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, morphology, pH, gelation behavior, mucoadhesive strength, and drug release (in vitro and ex vivo). All ionogel batches exhibited suitable physicochemical characteristics for NBD. TBZ-[Cho][Ole] micelles demonstrated a particle size of 94.23 ± 0.76 nm, whereas the optimized ionogel exhibited a size of 164.98 ± 0.89 nm, significantly smaller than the plain gel (247.65 ± 1.93 nm) at p < 0.05. The optimized ionogel showed a zeta potential of -38.12 ± 1.64 mV, drug loading of 37.92 ± 1.45%, and entrapment efficiency of 83.12 ± 2.53%. SEM and TEM studies confirmed that spherical micelles have the desired particle size. Ionogel in vitro and ex vivo evaluations divulged 1.37-fold and 1.42-fold enhancements in drug release and permeation, respectively, over plain gel (p < 0.05), following zero-order kinetics. Short-term stability studies further confirmed the robustness of the formulation. Conclusively, the ionogel demonstrated improved delivery of TBZ, opening up the vista of BIL and ionogel customizability for NBD for diverse drug/s used in the management of neurological disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40790007What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.