ArticleScientific reports2025
A novel 3D hemispherical reconfigurable antenna with a switchable radiation pattern using Butler matrix.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A novel filtering T-shaped transmission line structure and its application in the design of reduced-size Butler matrix.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
In this paper, we present a compact three-dimensional hemispherical reconfigurable antenna system designed for 5G networks operating around 3.6 GHz. The proposed architecture combines a four-element Vivaldi antenna array with a passive [Formula: see text] Butler matrix to enable electronically switchable beams in three main directions: upward, rightward, and backward. Beam steering is achieved through a simple PIN diode switching network, eliminating the need for active phase control. Experimental measurements and full-wave simulations confirm consistent directivity and wide angular coverage, with an elevation coverage of approximately [Formula: see text] in the upper hemisphere and an azimuthal coverage of about [Formula: see text] in the XY-plane. These results underscore the system's suitability for dynamic wireless communication environments.
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