Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40789844›Full record

ArticleNPJ microgravity2025

In vitro evidence of bubble-induced acoustic softening and Sanal flow choking in cardiovascular decompression.

V R Sanal Kumar, Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan, Dhruv Panchal, Dekkala Vinay, Yash Raj, Raunak Sharma, Yaman Vohra, Shivansh Rana, Sanjay Singh

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ microgravity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

V R Sanal KumarAmity Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India. vrskumar@amity.edu.
Pradeep Kumar RadhakrishnanBiomexia India, Andhra University Innovation Hub, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Dhruv PanchalAmity Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
Dekkala VinayAmity Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
Yash RajAmity Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
Raunak SharmaAmity Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
Yaman VohraAmity Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
Shivansh RanaAmity Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
Sanjay SinghAmity Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.

Funding

DST-Amity-TEC DST-Amity-TEC/AUUP/AIAE/VRS/P1/2023-2025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

When astronauts or divers experience a rapid drop in surrounding pressure, tiny gas bubbles can form in their blood-a condition that can threaten heart and vessel function. In this study, we simulated such decompression using fresh, warmed blood samples (37-40 °C) placed in a vacuum chamber. Bubbles consistently appeared near 600 mmHg. Their formation led to acoustic softening, a sharp drop in the speed of sound through blood. As flow velocity remained unchanged, the rising local Mach number brought the system closer to Sanal flow choking, triggered at a critical pressure ratio. Once choking occurs, it can lead to localized supersonic zones and abrupt pressure jumps. Additionally, bubbles may coalesce and block narrow vessels-a phenomenon akin to vapor lock-further impeding circulation. These findings reveal a novel mechanistic link between microbubble formation, acoustic softening, and flow choking, offering valuable insights for protecting cardiovascular health during spaceflight and rapid decompression events.

Identifiers

PMID40789844
PMCPMC12339919

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.