ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
Biochar in the circular bionutrient economy.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emerging Nanobiochar -Hydrogel Therapeutic Systems: Redox Modulation, Biointerface Interactions, and Critical Gaps in In Vitro Evaluation.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Profile of Johannes Lehmann.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The circular bionutrient economy is defined here as the circular economy of nutrients in managed organic residues. Here, we posit that biochar technology can stimulate the circular bionutrient economy by meeting the following three requirements: 1) nutrients are captured in a dry form, increasing market value and lowering transportation cost; 2) individual nutrients can be captured separately and combined as needed for particular plants and soils; 3) all pathogens and most pollutants can be removed with the notable exception of heavy metals. Pyrolysis and associated moisture removal enabled by the energy released during pyrolysis decreases weight of solid excreta by 85 to 90% and volume by 74 to 90%. This will lower storage and transport costs allowing redistribution of nutrients from production to processing and consumption of food. Incorporating liquid organic residues into nutrient recovery processes is crucial to the circular bionutrient economy. For example, N fertilizer from human feces would only generate about 2% (2.0 to 2.4 Tg N y
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