SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2025
Central nervous system infection caused by Mycoplasma hominis in an adult: a case report and literature review.
Synthesis in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for M. hominis induced CNS infections in non-neonatal patients, raise clinical awareness, and provide insights for managing such cases.
methodsA retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, treatment, and prognosis of an adult meningitis case caused by M. hominis. A systematic literature review spanning 1980-2024 was conducted via PubMed with keywords including "Mycoplasma hominis" AND ("encephalitis" OR "cerebritis" OR "cephalitis" OR "neuraxitis" OR "meningitis" OR "brain abscess" OR "cranial infection"). Non-neonatal cases with CNS involvement and comprehensive data were included for comparative analysis.
resultsA 61-year-old male with hypertension and cerebral infarction underwent emergency neurosurgery after traumatic brain injury. Postoperative empirical antibiotics failed. CSF cultures showed pinpoint colonies, but definitive diagnosis required mNGS, confirming M. hominis. Moxifloxacin therapy led to clinical improvement. Literature review identified 30 cases (18 males and 12 females; age range 11-76 years, mean age 37 years). Main clinical diagnoses included brain abscess and meningitis. 96.7% of patients had a surgical history, and except for one undocumented fever case, all others exhibited febrile symptoms. Presenting symptoms included headache, altered consciousness, and hemiparesis/hemiplegia. Culture, 16 S rDNA sequencing, and mNGS were the primary laboratory diagnostic methods; however, delayed diagnosis was common among patients, with a mean time to diagnosis of 21 days. Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones achieved a 93.3% cure rate.
conclusionM. hominis is a rare neuroinvasive pathogen in post-traumatic or post-surgical patients. Diagnosis is challenging. When routine examination and treatment are ineffective, the possibility of mycoplasma hominis infection can be considered, timely diagnosis and fluoroquinolones should be applied.
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