SynthesisAesthetic plastic surgery2025
Breast Implant Illness: Symptoms, Outcomes with Explantation and Potential Etiologies-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Silicone Breast Implants as a Model System for Understanding Polymer Permeation in Soft Materials In Vivo.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Breast Implant Illness and Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants: Mechanistic Rationale and a Practical Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Algorithm.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Balancing Risk and Reconstruction: A Comprehensive Review of Complications in Delayed Breast Reconstruction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast Implant Illness (BII) is a controversial condition characterized by a broad spectrum of systemic symptoms reported by patients with breast implants, leading to an increase in explantation procedures. Its mechanisms remain unclear, with hypotheses including immune responses, microbial colonization, and psychological factors. This study analyzes potential causes, common symptoms, and the impact of explantation on symptom resolution.
methodsA systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Studies on BII symptoms and outcomes were screened based on predefined criteria. Data on demographics, implant characteristics, symptoms, explantation outcomes and potencial etiologies were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed on symptom reduction, fibromyalgia and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) positivity prevalence.
resultsFrom 4612 identified articles, 33 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 6048 women with an average age of 46.0 years. Symptoms appeared 6.4 years post-implantation, with explantation after 12.3 years. 81.9% of patients reported symptom improvement post-explantation, with fatigue (58.3%), joint pain (51%), and muscle pain (44%) being the most common symptoms. The prevalence of psychiatric illness, autoimmune conditions and fibromyalgia was 16.5%, 20.7% and 12%, respectively. Microbial analysis was positive on 35.2% of BII patients. ANA positivity prevalence was estimated at 24% and capsular inflammation at 58.4%. Implant rupture and capsular contracture rates were 21.4% and 44.4%, respectively.
conclusionThis review supports BII as a real, multifactorial clinical entity involving immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and microbial biofilms. These findings underscore the importance of individualized assessment, screening for autoimmune and psychiatric conditions, informed consent and adherence to surgical protocols such as the 14-Point Plan and antimicrobial irrigation to reduce complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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