Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40788372›Full record

ArticleJournal of assisted reproduction and genetics2025

Decrease or increase in sperm concentration? The data among fertile Chinese males in 40 years.

Haiying Geng, Elizabeth R Rayburn, Qiuhong Wang, Yunting Chen, Xuejun Shang, Haibo Li

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Haiying GengDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
Elizabeth R RayburnMagic City Medical Communications, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Qiuhong WangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
Yunting ChenDepartment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 211166, China.
Xuejun Shang *Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. shangxj98@163.com.
Haibo Li *Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China. ntlihaibo2015@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-2610

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aims to investigate the trends in sperm concentration among fertile Chinese males over the past four decades, addressing whether there has been a change in sperm concentration and identifying potential causes.

methodsThe research included 94 Chinese and English literature sources, covering 27 provinces and cities across China, encompassing a total of 14,634 individuals. A least squares linear regression model was applied to analyze sperm concentration data.

resultsThe analysis indicated a significant downward trend overall from 1984 to 2023 (P = 8.42e - 10). A single-factor analysis of variance was performed, categorized by the year of sample collection, showing a decline in sperm concentration across each decade of the collection years (P = 1.01e - 08), with the most significant decline noted between 2004 and 2013 (P = 0.0035).

conclusionThe findings suggest a general decline in sperm concentration among fertile Chinese males over the past forty years, with a more pronounced decline after the twenty-first century, potentially associated with escalating environmental pollution due to heavy industrialization, poor lifestyle habits, and radiation from electronic devices. Further research is essential to elucidate the causes of and broader implications associated with this downward trend.

Indexed as

FertilitySpermatozoaSperm CountAdultChinaEast Asian PeopleHumansMaleSemen AnalysisSperm MotilityFertile Chinese maleLinear regression analysisSemen qualitySperm concentration

Identifiers

PMID40788372
PMCPMC12602835

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.