Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40788198›Full record

ArticleJournal of surgical oncology2025

Evolving Trends in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction With Autologous Tissues: A Large-Scale, 24-Year Retrospective Study in China.

Xuliren Wang, Zhibo Shao, Han Zhu, Qi Zhang, Jiajian Chen, Yingying Zhang, Ayong Cao, Yi Zhang, Rui Xu, Jingyan Xue and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of surgical oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Xuliren WangDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Zhibo ShaoDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Han ZhuDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Qi ZhangDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Jiajian ChenDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Yingying ZhangDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Ayong CaoDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Yi ZhangDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Rui XuDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Jingyan XueDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Jing LiuDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Miao MoDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Zhi-Ming ShaoDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Bingqiu XiuDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Jiong WuDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Shuang HaoDepartment of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4988-4853

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82102683, No. 82272865).
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAutologous breast reconstruction (ABR) significantly improves quality of life following mastectomy. However, ABR has traditionally been underutilized compared to implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR), partly due to its technical complexity, longer operative time, and relatively limited reimbursement. This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and evolving trends of ABR in China.

methodsAnnual trends in breast reconstruction at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) from 2000 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Data included patient demographics, reconstruction timing, flap types, adjuvant radiotherapy status, and reoperations due to complications. Temporal trends were assessed using linear regression analysis.

resultsAmong 6,174 unilateral breast reconstruction cases, 2,123 (34.39%) involved ABR. Latissimus dorsi flaps (LDF) were the most commonly used technique overall (59.87%, n = 1,271), while the use of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps increased markedly over time. By 2023, DIEP flaps accounted for 56.46% of all ABR procedures, becoming the predominant modality. Their rise was particularly notable in delayed and immediate-delayed reconstructions, as well as in salvage ABR following implant failure. Among patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy, the preference for DIEP flaps also increased significantly. Both LDF and DIEP flaps demonstrated low reoperation rates, highlighting their safety and clinical reliability.

conclusionsAutologous breast reconstruction in China is shifting toward increased utilization of DIEP flaps, particularly in delayed, immediate-delayed, and implant-salvage settings, as well as among patients undergoing radiotherapy. These findings support DIEP as a preferred flap type in modern reconstructive practice.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsMammaplastyMastectomyAdultAgedChinaFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSurgical FlapsTransplantation, Autologousautologousbreast cancerbreast reconstructionChinadeep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP)latissimus dorsi flaps (LDF)salvage ABRtransverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM)

Identifiers

PMID40788198
PMCPMC12501921

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.