Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40787278›Full record

ArticleAdvanced functional materials2025

The conformal, high-density SpineWrap microelectrode array for focal stimulation and selective muscle recruitment.

Samantha M Russman, Rhea Montgomery-Walsh, Ritwik Vatsyayan, Hoi Sang U, Luis D Diaz-Aguilar, Eric Y Chang, Qingbo Tang, Keundong Lee, Tony L Yaksh, Sharona Ben-Haim and 2 more

Abstract read
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Article in Advanced functional materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Samantha M RussmanIntegrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Rhea Montgomery-WalshIntegrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Ritwik VatsyayanIntegrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Hoi Sang UIntegrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Luis D Diaz-AguilarDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Eric Y ChangRadiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA.
Qingbo TangDepartment of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Keundong LeeIntegrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Tony L YakshDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Sharona Ben-HaimDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Joseph CiacciDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Shadi A DayehIntegrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Funding

Thin, High-Density, High-Performance, Depth and Surface Microelectrodes for Diagnosis and Treatment of EpilepsyUG3NS123723 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DAYEH, SHADI · 2021 to 2025
$9.5M
Training in Multi-Scale Analysis of Biological Structure and FunctionT32EB009380 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Andrew D. McCulloch, Padmini Rangamani · 2009 to 2026
$4.8M
Bringing Light to Functional Mapping in Resective NeurosurgeryDP2EB029757 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DAYEH, SHADI · 2019 to 2019
$2.4M
Integration of High Definition Display Technologies with Platinum Nanorod Microelectrodes for Large Scale in-vivo Recording and StimulationR01NS123655 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DAYEH, SHADI · 2021 to 2021
$2.0M
BLRD VA I01 BX005952NIBIB NIH HHS DP2 EB029757NIBIB NIH HHS T32 EB009380NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS123655NINDS NIH HHS UG3 NS123723
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the spinal cord is widely applied for pain management and has garnered considerable interest as a possible route to functional restoration after spinal cord injury. Currently, EES employs bulky, non-conformal paddle arrays with low channel counts. This limits stimulation effectiveness by requiring high stimulation currents, reduces selectivity of muscle recruitment, and requires subject-specific designs to accommodate varied neuroanatomy across the patient population. Here, we report on a thin-film, high-channel count microelectrode array, termed SpineWrap, which wraps around the dorsolateral aspect of the rat spinal cord. SpineWrap delivers focal stimulation to selectively activate muscles due to its unique design features, including its thin substrate, high conformability, high channel count, on-device ground, and the material properties of its platinum nanorod contacts. Through computational and in vivo studies, we show that SpineWrap can selectively recruit muscles in the rat lower limb and identify stimulation hotspots at a submillimeter resolution, maximizing muscle recruitment selectivity. We also investigate the effect of channel count and density on muscle recruitment selectivity and show that rat spinal cord arrays require submillimeter pitches to achieve maximal selectivity. SpineWrap represents an advancement in EES technology and, when adapted to be used chronically, has the potential to improve SCI treatment by providing more refined stimulation.

Identifiers

PMID40787278
PMCPMC12330848

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.