ReviewClinical pharmacology : advances and applications2025
Optimizing Antimicrobial Use in Japan: Strategies for Dosage, Combination Therapy, De-Escalation, Oral Switching, Duration, and Guideline Adherence.
Review in Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adult Empyema Caused by Refractory Methicillin-ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Development ofInternational medical case reports journal · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial stewardship has gained momentum in Japan, prompting the adoption of various strategies to optimize antimicrobial use. Key recommendations include individualized dosing, dosing intervals, and treatment regimens tailored to the patient's condition, causative pathogens, and affected organs. Combination therapy is advised for empiric treatment of severe infections and suspected multidrug-resistant organisms. Early initiation of antimicrobial therapy followed by de-escalation may enhance clinical outcomes and reduce resistance development. Additionally, while clear criteria for intravenous-to-oral switch therapy remain undefined, its implementation could play a crucial role in optimizing antimicrobial administration. The duration of therapy should be guided by disease pathophysiology rather than isolated inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, with adherence to established guidelines and clinical recommendations. These strategies have been incorporated at the bedside, and optimized antibiotics use are now advanced in Japan.
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