ArticleCureus2025
Breastfeeding Patterns, Chemical Pathology, and Antibiotic Resistance in Lactating Mothers: A Spatial Analysis of Nutritional, Toxicological, and Antimicrobial Implications.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The role of breastfeeding in modulating antimicrobial resistance in neonates: a systematic review.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigates the interplay between breastfeeding patterns, chemical pathology, and antibiotic resistance in lactating mothers. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 1,200 lactating mothers aged 18 to 45, examining breastfeeding practices, biochemical markers, milk composition, and antibiotic resistance status. The findings reveal significant metabolic variations, with mean glucose and cholesterol levels at 135.23 mg/dL and 224.58 mg/dL, respectively, suggesting potential cardiovascular risks. Exclusive breastfeeding improved milk quality by having higher average fat content (3.48%) and lactose (6.96%), and the reported antibiotic resistance was lower (18.2%), compared with non-exclusive groups (28.6%). Geographically weighted regression (GWR) revealed spatial variability in exclusivity effects, highlighting regional nutritional disparities. Machine learning models, random forest, support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting machine (GBM), were used to predict resistance and nutritional status, with cholesterol and BMI emerging as the top predictors. Although model performance was modest (AUC ≈ 0.65), random forest achieved moderate discriminative power (AUC ~0.65), with cholesterol and BMI ranked highest in feature importance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for GBM and SVM also indicated moderate predictive capacity. Spatial mapping of antibiotic resistance revealed clustered patterns, emphasizing the need for region-specific interventions. Furthermore, systolic blood pressure showed a weak correlation with cholesterol levels, indicating independent metabolic risks. This study underscores the critical need for integrated nutritional and antimicrobial stewardship in lactating mothers, particularly in regions with identified spatial vulnerabilities. Policy implications suggest targeted nutritional support and regional antibiotic surveillance to mitigate health risks in this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.