ArticleCureus2025
Reduced Expression of Oestrogen Receptors Alpha and Beta in the Prepuce and Urethral Plate of Hypospadias Patients: A Clinical Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe human skin is an important oestrogen-responsive organ containing the oestrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. Penile foreskin may have similar properties; therefore, typifying the expression and cellular location of oestrogen receptors ERα and ERβ in hypospadiac and normal foreskin can expand our knowledge of the aetiology of hypospadias. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe prospectively analysed foreskin and longitudinally excised tissue of the urethral plate of 52 male patients undergoing hypospadias repair. Sixteen male patients undergoing elective circumcision were used as controls. Based on the ectopic location of the urethral meatus, hypospadias was classified as distal (group A), mid (group B), and proximal (group C). Healthy controls were included in group D. Oestrogen receptors' location and expression were characterised by immunohistochemical analysis of foreskin and urethral plate tissues.
resultsERα expression in foreskin was intermediate in control and distal and mid-penile hypospadias and weak in proximal hypospadias. Urethral plate ERα expression was intermediate in distal hypospadias and weak in mid-penile and proximal hypospadias. ERβ immunoreactivity was strong in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum, whereas ERα was localised to the stratum basale of the foreskin.
conclusionsThese data demonstrate a significant role of oestrogen and oestrogen receptors in normal penile foreskin and urethral plate development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.