ReviewCureus2025
Local Anesthetics in Diabetic Retinopathy Procedures: A Comprehensive Review With a Focus on Lidocaine-Based Pain Control.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review investigates commonly used local anesthetic agents and administration methods in diabetic retinopathy (DR) procedures, such as pan-retinal photocoagulation, intravitreal injections, and vitrectomy, focusing on pain control and procedural outcomes. A systematic review of PubMed was conducted to identify studies examining local anesthetic use in DR procedures. Studies were screened for relevance, full-text availability, and methodological rigor. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for anesthetic type, dosage, application route, co-administration, and patient outcome. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools were used to evaluate the methodological quality and risk of bias for each included study. Lidocaine emerged as the most frequently used anesthetic, effectively reducing pain and systolic pressure during pan-retinal photocoagulation and posterior vitrectomy. There was a statistically significant difference in the dosage of lidocaine (2.33 ± 1.00%) vs other alternative anesthetics (0.475 ± 0.05%) for surgical procedures used to treat DR. The topical application of lidocaine was preferred for its ease of administration and reduced risk of complications. Furthermore, povidone, an antiseptic agent, was frequently co-administered to disinfect the ocular surface and maintain aseptic conditions during intravitreal injections, reducing the risk of infection. Among the local anesthetics reviewed, lidocaine, administered topically or via injection, was most frequently studied and demonstrated effective procedural analgesia and favorable post-surgical outcomes. These findings suggest lidocaine is a suitable choice for DR procedures. Exploration of lidocaine's impact, consideration of patient medical history, and examination of a broader range of co-administered drugs are recommended for comprehensive insights into optimizing patient outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.