ArticleFrontiers in oral health2025
Global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2040: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.
Article in Frontiers in oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Role of Oral-Lung Infection Axis on Respiratory Health.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- HIF-1α/HO-1 Axis Promotes Ferroptosis and Impairs Periodontal Tissue Repair in Periodontitis.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Article
- Salivary osteocalcin as a biomarker for periodontal disease progression and treatment response: a prospective longitudinal study.The Saudi dental journal · 2026Article
- Oral Hygiene Behaviors, Periodontal Awareness, and Self-Reported Periodontal Symptoms Among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evolving Patterns of Oral Disease Burden in China, 1990-2021: Evidence From the Global Burden of Disease Study.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Review
- Targeting Bacterial Infections in Periodontal Disease: From Conventional Antibiotics to Next-Generation Therapeutics.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical and biomechanical determinants of immediate, early, progressive, and delayed implant loading: A comprehensive narrative review.The Saudi dental journal · 2026Review
- Microbial Shifts After Sleeve Gastrectomy: The Gut-Oral Axis, Periodontal Outcomes, and Competing Oral Risks.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Review
- Periodontitis Prevalence in a West African Sub-Population Using Two Definitions: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin with and Without Microneedling in Periodontal Regeneration: A Prospective Split-Mouth Clinical Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- The oral‒gut axis in periodontal disease: a systematic review of the associated human evidence of its mechanisms and implications for patient care.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- Estimating the direct healthcare costs of oral diseases in the United Kingdom: a cost-of-illness projection to 2050.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic Determinants and Temporal Trends in Periodontal Conditions in Brazil: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- The oral-vascular axis: immune mechanisms linking periodontal dysbiosis to systemic vascular pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- TRPV1-linked neuropeptide axes in periodontitis and peri-implantitis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Effect of Drynaria rhizome in-situ gel in periodontitis management.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Novel small molecule targeting PgQC reducesFrontiers in oral health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Periodontal diseases are one of the most prevalent oral diseases globally, with increasing incidence rates in recent years. This study aims to analyze the global burden and epidemiological trends of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021, and to forecast trends through 2040. Methods: Data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of periodontal diseases were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. The analysis evaluated the global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases, conducted a decomposition analysis based on population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes, and examined the association between the sociodemographic index (SDI) and disease burden, and projected trends through 2040. Results: In 2021, global estimates indicated 89,613,534 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 79,069,091-101,005,642) incident cases, 1,066,953,744 (95% UI: 896,546,186-1,234,839,287) prevalent cases, and 6,903,284 (95% UI: 2,772,284-14,106,182) DALYs due to periodontal diseases. South Asia demonstrated the highest number and age-standardized rates (ASR) of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs. Between 1990 and 2021, the ASR of prevalence and DALYs increased slightly, while the ASR of incidence remained stable worldwide. Population growth and aging were the primary contributors to changes in disease burden. A significant negative correlation was observed between the SDI and the periodontal diseases burden. Projections from 2022 to 2040 indicate annual increases in both the number and ASR of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs for periodontal diseases. Conclusions: Periodontal diseases remain a substantial global health challenge, characterized by rising incidence, prevalence, and DALYs. These findings underscore the urgent need to implement effective prevention strategies and integrate oral health services into primary care, particularly in regions with low to middle SDI, to reduce the escalating burden.
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