ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
Treatment outcomes and considerations for topical immunotherapy in patients with alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Alopecia Areata and Atopic Dermatitis: Common Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder causing non-scarring hair loss. Severe forms like alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU) pose therapeutic difficult situations. Topical immunotherapy with squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) and diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) is widely used but has variable efficacy. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of topical immunotherapy in severe AA, identify factors influencing outcomes, and assess adjunctive antihistamine therapy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 106 severe AA cases (26 AT, 80 AU) among 1,098 patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2016. Treatment efficacy was assessed using the Alopecia Areata Investigational Assessment Guidelines (AAIAG), and statistical analyses included chi-square tests and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: Among the 106 patients included in this study, 43% exhibited excellent or good responses to topical immunotherapy, while 75% experienced at least partial hair regrowth. Patients with alopecia totalis demonstrated slightly better outcomes than those with alopecia universalis (50% vs. 40% achieving excellent or good responses). Atopic dermatitis was significantly associated with lower treatment efficacy (54% vs. 80%, Conclusion: Topical immunotherapy remains an effective treatment for severe alopecia areata, although response rates vary among patients. Individualized treatment approaches, including prolonged therapy and consideration of patient-specific factors, are essential for optimizing clinical outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.