Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40786063›Full record

ArticleADMET & DMPK2025

Comparison of lipophilic and size-exclusion membranes: the effect of stirring and cyclodextrin in the donor compartment.

Petra Tőzsér, Szabina Kádár, Edina Szabó, Máté Dobó, Gergő Tóth, György T Balogh, Péter Sóti, Bálint Sinkó, Enikő Borbás

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ADMET & DMPK, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Petra TőzsérDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Quay, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary.
Szabina KádárDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Quay, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary.
Edina SzabóDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Quay, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary.
Máté DobóDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street., H-1092, Budapest, Hungary.
Gergő TóthDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street., H-1092, Budapest, Hungary.
György T BaloghDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street., H-1092, Budapest, Hungary.
Péter SótiLavet Pharmaceutical Ltd., 6 Batthyány Street., H-2143, Kistarcsa, Hungary.
Bálint SinkóPion Inc., Billerica, 10 Cook Street, Massachusetts 01821, USA.
Enikő BorbásDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Quay, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and purpose: The effective transport of an active pharmaceutical ingredient across various membrane systems is critical for enhancing its bioavailability, especially in formulations involving solubilizing agents. This study aims to investigate the permeability differences of carvedilol (CAR) between lipophilic and size-exclusion membranes in the presence of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) using Experimental approach: Solubility and permeability assays confirmed that HP-β-CD significantly enhanced the solubility of CAR, while simultaneously decreasing its permeability, indicating an interplay between the two parameters. Key results: A mathematical model based on Fick's first law of diffusion was developed to describe drug transport across the UWL, and generally through the UWL-membrane system, with a particular focus on the role of solubilizing agents. Conclusion: Results from both the UWL and membrane limited transport conditions demonstrated that the supersaturation ratio (SSR, defined as the ratio of the drug concentration present in solution to its thermodynamic solubility measured in exactly the same media) between donor and acceptor compartments is the real driving force of the transport, when the complexing agent and the drug- HP-β-CD complex does not penetrate the membrane or the permeation of the solubilizing additive through the membrane is relatively slow, so it does not affect the transport of the API substantially.

Indexed as

carvedilolmembrane transportsolubilitysupersaturation ratioUnstirred water layer

Identifiers

PMID40786063
PMCPMC12335304

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.