ArticleJTO clinical and research reports2025
Late Immune-Related Adverse Events After At Least Two Years of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Incidence and Association With Survival in Patients With Advanced NSCLC.
Article in JTO clinical and research reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lung Cancer Survivorship: Challenges and Care Needs.Cancers · 2026Review
- [Could the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors be discontinued after 2 years of application? Pros and cons for the development of a national guideline.]Magyar onkologia · 2026Review
- Case Report: A rare case of long-term survival in primary pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma with bilateral renal and chest wall metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Beyond monoclonal antibodies: constraints and the case for alternative PD-1/PD-L1-targeting formats.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Limited data are available on late immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) in patients with metastatic NSCLC receiving immunotherapy (ICI) beyond 2 years. Methods: A single-institution retrospective analysis including patients who received longer than 2 years of ICI therapy for metastatic NSCLC between 2012 and 2023 was performed. Late IRAEs were defined as those occurring longer than 2 years after initiation of ICI therapy. The association of late IRAE with OS and PFS was assessed using an extended Cox regression with late IRAE modeled as a time-varying covariate. Results: In a cohort of 76 patients who received longer than 2 years of ICI, the median duration of treatment was 41.9 months, and 44 out of 76 (58%) experienced an early IRAE before 2 years. After 2 years on ICI, 38 out of 76 (50%) of patients experienced a late IRAE, many of whom (39%) had no previous early IRAE. Higher rates of late IRAEs were seen in females ( Conclusions: In patients receiving extended-duration ICI beyond 2 years, late IRAEs were common and often occurred in patients without previous history of IRAE. These findings support consideration of ICI discontinuation at 2 years.
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Registered trials
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