ArticleEuropean stroke journal2025
Presenting symptoms and diagnostic accuracy of prehospital stroke scales for patients with suspected mild minor stroke.
Article in European stroke journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04137874 (Diagnostics and Triage of Acute Stroke by the National Institute of Stroke Scale), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Diagnostics and Triage of Acute Stroke by the National Institute of Stroke Scale (NIHSS) by Paramedics, the ParaNASPP (Paramedic - Norwegian Acute Stroke Prehospital Project) Study
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Helicopter emergency medical services for interfacility transfers: an Italian expert consensus.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Diagnostic performance of prehospital large-vessel occlusion detection scales in patients with suspected acute stroke: a retrospective validation study. The Akershus Study of Ischemic Stroke and Thrombolysis.European stroke journal · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIdentifying patients with minor stroke is challenging in the prehospital setting due to subtle symptoms. The majority of studies evaluating prehospital stroke scales include patients with high median NIHSS at admission. ParaNASPP, a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial found that prehospital NIHSS identified more patients with minor symptoms. Further knowledge on presenting symptoms of patients with suspected minor stroke, and the accuracy of prehospital stroke scales on minor stroke is needed.
methodsA post-hoc analysis of data from the ParaNASPP trial describes prehospital presenting signs and symptoms of patients with suspected mild minor stroke. We defined mild minor stroke as NIHSS 0-2 at hospital admission. Furthermore, we reconstructed and evaluated nine prehospital stroke scales (NIHSS, FAST/CPSS, BE-FAST, LAPSS, MASS, MedPacs, PreHAST, and sNIHSS-EMS) in patients with mild minor stroke.
resultsFour hundred and thirty-one patients in the ParaNASPP trial had NIHSS 0-2 at hospital admission. Of these, 152 (35%) were discharged from hospital with a stroke diagnosis. When examined by paramedics, stroke patients presented with speech disturbance, facial palsy, and motor weakness in arm or leg, while stroke mimics presented with dizziness, headache, and nausea/vomiting. NIHSS had the highest sensitivity (95%) and lowest specificity (16%), while LAPSS had the lowest sensitivity (42%) and highest specificity (80%) in the patients with suspected mild minor stroke. The remaining scales had sensitivity between 67% and 93%, and specificity between 23% and 67%.
conclusionsIn patients with mild minor stroke, substantial overlap in presentation between stroke and stroke mimics makes triage challenging. Prehospital stroke scales provide either high sensitivity or specificity. Competence and training of paramedics in when and how to use, and interpret, these scales is key for recognizing and correctly triaging stroke patients.The ParaNASPP trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov with registration number NCT04137874.
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