Trial reportThe clinical respiratory journal2025
Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behavior on Reducing Smoking and Hookah Use Among High School Male Students.
Trial report in The clinical respiratory journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effect of an educational program on Hookah smoking among female university students: applying the integrated model of theory of planned behavior and prototype willingness model.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behavior on Reducing Smoking and Hookah Use Among High School Male Students.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Trial
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUsing smoking and hookah has increased among high school students in recent years. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) on reducing smoking and hookah use among high school students.
methodsThis experimental study was conducted on 300 high school male students in Fasa City, Fars Province, Iran, in 2021-2022. Subjects were selected using a simple sampling method and were randomly divided into intervention (n = 150) and control (n = 150) groups. The educational intervention for the experimental group included 7 sessions of 45-55 min using small group discussion, question and answer, practical demonstrations, video clips, PowerPoint, and booklets. Before the intervention and 3 months after the educational intervention, both experimental and control groups completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software through Chi-square, independent t-test, paired t-test, and McNemar test.
resultsThe mean age of the experimental and control groups was 17.89 + 1.46 and 17.1 + 1.58 years. The results showed that before the educational intervention, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of awareness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention; however, 4 months after the educational intervention, there was a significant increase in the experimental group. Also, before the educational intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of current smoking and hookah use; however, 4 months after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups.
conclusionImplementing the TPB-directed instructional sessions resulted in reducing smoking and hookah use among high school students.
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