Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40785326›Full record

Trial reportBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025

Metformin Treatment in PCOS Pregnancies Reduces Maternal Infections and Increases the Risk of Allergies and Eczema in the Offspring: Post Hoc Analyses of Two Randomised Controlled Trials and One Follow-Up Study.

Mariell Ryssdal, Johanne E Skage, Anders H Jarmund, Liv Guro E Hanem, Tone S Løvvik, Guro F Giskeødegård, Ann-Charlotte Iversen, Eszter Vanky

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00159536 phase3completednot on this map

Metformin Treatment of Pregnant Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

TypeinterventionalSponsorNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyRan2005 to 2009Enrolled257ConditionsPolycystic Ovary SyndromeArmsMetformin, Placebo
NCT01587378 nacompletednot on this map

A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Multi-centre Study, Where the Possible Effect of Metformin to Prevent Late Miscarriage and Preterm Delivery is Studied in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

TypeinterventionalSponsorNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyRan2012 to 2017Enrolled489ConditionsPregnancy, Polycystic Ovary SyndromeArmsMetformin, placebo
NCT03259919 phase2completednot on this map

Metformin Treatment of Pregnant Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyRan2000 to 2003Enrolled40ConditionsPolycystic Ovary SyndromeArmsMetformin, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mariell RyssdalDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-214X
Johanne E SkageDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Anders H JarmundDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Liv Guro E HanemChildrens Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Tone S LøvvikDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Guro F GiskeødegårdHUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Ann-Charlotte IversenDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7726-7684
Eszter VankyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

Funding

Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyNovo Nordisk FoundationSt. Olavs HospitalThe Liaison Committee for Education, Research, and Innovation in Central NorwayThe Research Council of Norway
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the effect of metformin on immunological outcomes in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their offspring.

designPost hoc analyses of two randomised controlled trials (PregMet and PregMet2) and one follow-up study (PedMet).

settingWomen followed at multiple hospitals in Norway, Sweden and Iceland, and offspring followed at multiple hospitals in Norway. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: Pregnant women with PCOS, randomised to metformin or placebo from the first trimester to delivery, and offspring exposed to metformin or placebo in utero.

methodsMaternal infections and allergic diseases in offspring were compared using logistic regression. Maternal body mass index (BMI), offspring BMI z-score and maternal infections were evaluated as effect modifiers or mediators.

main outcome measuresIncidence of maternal infections during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum, and allergic diseases in offspring at 8-year follow-up.

resultsAltogether 634 women and 145 offspring were included. Women treated with metformin experienced fewer overall infections during pregnancy (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50-0.93), particularly viral infections (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51-0.99). Offspring exposed to metformin in utero had a higher incidence of allergies (OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 1.47-21.8) and eczema (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.14-5.33). Maternal BMI did not modify the effect of metformin, and offspring BMI z-score or maternal infections did not mediate the relationship between metformin treatment and increased allergies and eczema in offspring.

conclusionsMetformin treatment in pregnant women with PCOS reduced maternal infections during pregnancy and increased the incidence of allergies and eczema in offspring at 8-year follow-up.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT03259919, NCT00159536 and NCT01587378.

Indexed as

EczemaHypersensitivityHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminPolycystic Ovary SyndromePregnancy ComplicationsPregnancy Complications, InfectiousPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsAdultBody Mass IndexFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceInfant, NewbornMaleHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminallergyasthmaeczemainfectionsmetforminpolycystic ovary syndromepregnancy

Identifiers

PMID40785326
PMCPMC12501709

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.